〃The　dynasty　of　Han　has　possessed　the　empire　for　years　without　end。　Formerly　Wang　Mang　rebelled　against　his　sovereign；　and　Liu　Xiu　the　Founder　of　Latter　Han　rose　in　his　wrath　and　put　Wang　Mang　to　death；　thus　restoring　the　prerogatives　of　the　great　sacrifices　to　him　who　rightly　exercised　them。　Lately　Cao　Cao；　powerful　and　cruel；　slew　the　Empress；　and　his　crimes　cry　aloud　to　Heaven　for　vengeance。　His　son；　Cao　Pi；　carrying　evils　into　every　quarter；　then　seized　the　scepter。

〃My　officials　and　leaders；　regarding　the　dynasty　as　having　been　overthrown；　think　it　fitting　that　I；　Liu　Bei；　would　continue　the　line。　As　successor　to　my　two　warrior　ancestors；　Liu　Bang　and　Liu　Xiu；　I　will　punish　as　Heaven　decrees。

〃Fearing　lest　my　virtue　be　inadequate　to　the　Imperial　Throne；　I　consulted　the　voices　of　the　people；　and　all；　even　the　most　distant；　have　said　that　the　mandate　of　Heaven　may　not　be　disobeyed；　the　great　task　of　my　ancestors　may　not　discontinue；　the　land　must　have　a　lord；　and　they　aver　the　cynosure　of　all　eyes　is　myself。

〃Now　I；　respecting　the　mandate　of　Heaven　and　fearing　lest　the　great　achievements　of　Liu　Bang　and　Liu　Xiu　may　be　overthrown；　have　reverently　selected　this　auspicious　day　to　ascend　the　altar；　sacrifice；　and　announce　my　assumption　of　the　Imperial　Seal　in　order　to　fort　all　the　people；　rejoice　the　ancestors　of　the　Dynastic　House；　and　bring　eternal　tranquillity　to　all　domains。〃

When　the　reading　was　ended；　and　the　sacrifice　and　the　prayer；　Zhuge　Liang；　in　the　name　of　all　those　assembled；　presented　the　Imperial　Seal。

The　Prince　received　it　in　both　hands；　laid　it　upon　the　altar；　and　again　declined　acceptance；　saying；　〃I；　Liu　Bei；　am　unfitted。　I　pray　that　another；　more　able；　may　be　chosen。〃

But　Zhuge　Liang　said；　〃Our　lord　has　s